Description

Thyroid Surgery Thyroid surgery, also known as thyroidectomy, is a surgical procedure performed to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, located in the front of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones. Types of Thyroid Surgery Hemi-Thyroidectomy (Lobectomy): Removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland. Commonly performed for benign nodules or localized conditions. Subtotal Thyroidectomy: Most of the thyroid gland is removed, leaving a small portion to maintain some thyroid function. Total Thyroidectomy: Complete removal of the thyroid gland. Indicated for cancers, severe goiter, or Graves' disease. Completion Thyroidectomy: Removal of the remaining thyroid tissue after an initial partial surgery. Thyroid Nodule Ablation: Minimally invasive techniques like radiofrequency ablation (in select cases). Indications for Thyroid Surgery Thyroid Nodules: Suspicious or malignant nodules (based on biopsy results). Large nodules causing compression symptoms (e.g., difficulty swallowing or breathing). Thyroid Cancer: Papillary, follicular, medullary, or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Goiter: Large or symptomatic goiter causing obstruction, cosmetic concerns, or hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism: Graves’ disease or toxic nodular goiter unresponsive to medical therapy. Other Indications: Thyroid cysts, recurrent infections, or congenital abnormalities. Preparation for Thyroid Surgery Preoperative Evaluation: Blood tests: Thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4). Imaging: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to assess gland size and structure. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC): To evaluate suspicious nodules. Vocal Cord Examination: Preoperative laryngoscopy to assess vocal cord function. Medical Preparation: Adjustments in medications (e.g., antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism). Iodine supplementation if necessary (e.g., Lugol’s solution). Fasting: No food or drink for 6–8 hours before surgery. Anesthesia Assessment: General anesthesia is typically used. Procedure Overview Anesthesia: Administered general anesthesia to ensure comfort. Surgical Approach: Incision: A small horizontal incision is made in the neck. Gland Removal: The thyroid gland (partial or total) is carefully dissected, preserving vital structures: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (controls vocal cords). Parathyroid glands (maintain calcium balance). Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or skin glue, often leaving a minimal scar. Duration: The surgery typically takes 1–3 hours, depending on complexity.

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